out_ferc1__yearly_steam_plants_sched402

package: pudl

Annual time series of plant statistics for steam plants with a capacity of 25+ MW, internal combustion and gas-turbine plants of 10+ MW, and all nuclear plants.

Most-recent data:

2025

Processing:

Data has been expanded into a wide/denormalized format, with IDs and codes accompanied by human-readable names and descriptions.

Source:

FERC Form 1 -- Annual Report of Major Electric Utilities (Schedule 402)

Primary key:

record_id The best approximation for primary keys for this table would be: report_year, utility_id_ferc1, plant_name_ferc1. FERC does not publish plant IDs. The main identifying column is plant_name_ferc1 but that is a free-form string field and there are duplicate records.

Usage Warnings

  • FERC does not restrict respondents to report unique and non-duplicative plant records. There are sporadic instances of respondents reporting portions of plants and then the total plant (ex: unit 1, unit 2 and total). Use caution when aggregating.

  • FERC data is notoriously difficult to extract cleanly, and often contains free-form strings, non-labeled total rows and lack of IDs. See Notable Irregularities for details.

Columns
report_year

Four-digit year in which the data was reported.

utility_id_ferc1

PUDL-assigned utility ID, identifying a FERC1 utility. This is an auto-incremented ID and is not expected to be stable from year to year.

utility_id_ferc1_dbf

FERC-assigned respondent_id from DBF reporting years, identifying the reporting entity. Stable from year to year.

utility_id_ferc1_xbrl

FERC-assigned entity_id from XBRL reporting years, identifying the reporting entity. Stable from year to year.

utility_id_pudl

A manually assigned PUDL utility ID. May not be stable over time.

utility_name_ferc1

Name of the responding utility, as it is reported in FERC Form 1. For human readability only.

plant_id_pudl

A manually assigned PUDL plant ID. May not be constant over time.

plant_id_ferc1

Algorithmically assigned PUDL FERC Plant ID. WARNING: NOT STABLE BETWEEN PUDL DB INITIALIZATIONS.

plant_name_ferc1

Name of the plant, as reported to FERC. This is a freeform string, not guaranteed to be consistent across references to the same plant.

asset_retirement_cost

Asset retirement cost (USD).

avg_num_employees

The average number of employees assigned to each plant.

capacity_factor

Fraction of potential generation that was actually reported for a plant part. Energy generated over time period / nameplate capacity * time period (hours/years/etc.).

capacity_mw

Total installed (nameplate) capacity, in megawatts.

capex_annual_addition

Annual capital addition into capex_total.

capex_annual_addition_rolling

Year-to-date capital addition into capex_total.

capex_annual_per_kw

Annual capital addition into capex_total per kw.

capex_annual_per_mw

Annual capital addition into capex_total per MW.

capex_annual_per_mw_rolling

Year-to-date capital addition into capex_total per MW.

capex_annual_per_mwh

Annual capital addition into capex_total per MWh.

capex_annual_per_mwh_rolling

Year-to-date capital addition into capex_total per MWh.

capex_equipment

Cost of plant: equipment (USD).

capex_land

Cost of plant: land and land rights (USD).

capex_per_mw

Cost of plant per megawatt of installed (nameplate) capacity. Nominal USD.

capex_structures

Cost of plant: structures and improvements (USD).

capex_total

Total cost of plant (USD).

capex_wo_retirement_total

Total cost of plant (USD) without retirements.

construction_type

Type of plant construction ('outdoor', 'semioutdoor', or 'conventional'). Categorized by PUDL based on our best guess of intended value in FERC1 freeform strings.

construction_year

Year the plant's oldest still operational unit was built.

installation_year

Year the plant's most recently built unit was installed.

net_generation_mwh

Net electricity generation for the specified period in megawatt-hours (MWh).

not_water_limited_capacity_mw

Plant capacity in MW when not limited by condenser water.

opex_allowances

Allowances.

opex_boiler

Maintenance of boiler (or reactor) plant.

opex_coolants

Cost of coolants and water (nuclear plants only)

opex_electric

Production expenses: electric expenses (USD).

opex_engineering

Production expenses: maintenance, supervision, and engineering (USD).

opex_fuel

Production expenses: fuel (USD).

opex_fuel_per_mwh

Production expenses: fuel (USD) per megawatt-hour (Mwh).

opex_misc_power

Miscellaneous steam (or nuclear) expenses.

opex_misc_steam

Maintenance of miscellaneous steam (or nuclear) plant.

opex_nonfuel_per_mwh

Investments in non-fuel production expenses per Mwh.

opex_operations

Production expenses: operations, supervision, and engineering (USD).

opex_per_mwh

Total production expenses (USD per MWh generated).

opex_plants

Maintenance of electrical plant.

opex_production_total

Total operating expenses.

opex_rents

Production expenses: rents (USD).

opex_steam

Steam expenses.

opex_steam_other

Steam from other sources.

opex_structures

Production expenses: maintenance of structures (USD).

opex_total_nonfuel

Total production expenses, excluding fuel (USD).

opex_transfer

Steam transferred (Credit).

peak_demand_mw

Net peak demand for 60 minutes. Note: in some cases peak demand for other time periods may have been reported instead, if hourly peak demand was unavailable.

plant_capability_mw

Net plant capability in megawatts.

plant_hours_connected_while_generating

Hours the plant was connected to load while generating in the report year.

plant_type

Type of plant.

record_id

Identifier indicating original FERC Form 1 source record. format: {table_name}_{report_year}_{report_prd}_{respondent_id}_{spplmnt_num}_{row_number}. Unique within FERC Form 1 DB tables which are not row-mapped.

water_limited_capacity_mw

Plant capacity in MW when limited by condenser water.

out_ferc1__yearly_steam_plants_fuel_sched402

package: pudl

Annual time series of fuel cost and quantity for steam plants with a capacity of 25+ MW, internal combustion and gas-turbine plants of 10+ MW, and all nuclear plants.

Most-recent data:

2025

Processing:

Data has been expanded into a wide/denormalized format, with IDs and codes accompanied by human-readable names and descriptions.

Source:

FERC Form 1 -- Annual Report of Major Electric Utilities (Schedule 402)

Primary key:

record_id

Usage Warnings

  • The fuel_type_code_pudl is inferred from a free-form string field.

  • FERC data is notoriously difficult to extract cleanly, and often contains free-form strings, non-labeled total rows and lack of IDs. See Notable Irregularities for details.

Additional Details

This table is a subset of the steam plant table reported on page 402 of FERC Form 1.

Columns
report_year

Four-digit year in which the data was reported.

utility_id_ferc1

PUDL-assigned utility ID, identifying a FERC1 utility. This is an auto-incremented ID and is not expected to be stable from year to year.

utility_id_ferc1_dbf

FERC-assigned respondent_id from DBF reporting years, identifying the reporting entity. Stable from year to year.

utility_id_ferc1_xbrl

FERC-assigned entity_id from XBRL reporting years, identifying the reporting entity. Stable from year to year.

utility_id_pudl

A manually assigned PUDL utility ID. May not be stable over time.

utility_name_ferc1

Name of the responding utility, as it is reported in FERC Form 1. For human readability only.

plant_id_pudl

A manually assigned PUDL plant ID. May not be constant over time.

plant_name_ferc1

Name of the plant, as reported to FERC. This is a freeform string, not guaranteed to be consistent across references to the same plant.

fuel_consumed_mmbtu

Total consumption of fuel in physical unit, year to date. Note: this is the total quantity consumed for both electricity and, in the case of combined heat and power plants, process steam production.

fuel_consumed_total_cost

Total cost of consumed fuel.

fuel_consumed_units

Consumption of the fuel type in physical unit. Note: this is the total quantity consumed for both electricity and, in the case of combined heat and power plants, process steam production.

fuel_cost_per_mmbtu

Average fuel cost per MMBTU of heat content in nominal USD.

fuel_cost_per_unit_burned

Average cost of fuel consumed in the report year per reported fuel unit (USD).

fuel_cost_per_unit_delivered

Average cost of fuel delivered in the report year per reported fuel unit (USD).

fuel_mmbtu_per_unit

Heat content of the fuel in millions of Btus per physical unit.

fuel_type_code_pudl

Simplified fuel type code used in PUDL

fuel_units

Reported unit of measure for fuel.

record_id

Identifier indicating original FERC Form 1 source record. format: {table_name}_{report_year}_{report_prd}_{respondent_id}_{spplmnt_num}_{row_number}. Unique within FERC Form 1 DB tables which are not row-mapped.

out_ferc1__yearly_steam_plants_fuel_by_plant_sched402

package: pudl

Annual time series of FERC fuel data by plant.

Most-recent data:

2025

Processing:

Data has been expanded into a wide/denormalized format, with IDs and codes accompanied by human-readable names and descriptions.

Source:

FERC Form 1 -- Annual Report of Major Electric Utilities (Schedule 402)

Primary key:

report_year, utility_id_ferc1, plant_name_ferc1

Usage Warnings

  • Some columns contain subtotals; use caution when choosing columns to aggregate.

  • FERC data is notoriously difficult to extract cleanly, and often contains free-form strings, non-labeled total rows and lack of IDs. See Notable Irregularities for details.

Columns
report_year

Four-digit year in which the data was reported.

utility_id_ferc1

PUDL-assigned utility ID, identifying a FERC1 utility. This is an auto-incremented ID and is not expected to be stable from year to year.

utility_id_ferc1_dbf

FERC-assigned respondent_id from DBF reporting years, identifying the reporting entity. Stable from year to year.

utility_id_ferc1_xbrl

FERC-assigned entity_id from XBRL reporting years, identifying the reporting entity. Stable from year to year.

utility_id_pudl

A manually assigned PUDL utility ID. May not be stable over time.

utility_name_ferc1

Name of the responding utility, as it is reported in FERC Form 1. For human readability only.

plant_id_pudl

A manually assigned PUDL plant ID. May not be constant over time.

plant_name_ferc1

Name of the plant, as reported to FERC. This is a freeform string, not guaranteed to be consistent across references to the same plant.

coal_fraction_cost

Coal cost as a percentage of overall fuel cost.

coal_fraction_mmbtu

Coal heat content as a percentage of overall fuel heat content (MMBTU).

fuel_cost

Total fuel cost for plant (in $USD).

fuel_mmbtu

Total heat content for plant (in MMBTU).

gas_fraction_cost

Natural gas cost as a percentage of overall fuel cost.

gas_fraction_mmbtu

Natural gas heat content as a percentage of overall fuel heat content (MMBTU).

nuclear_fraction_cost

Nuclear cost as a percentage of overall fuel cost.

nuclear_fraction_mmbtu

Nuclear heat content as a percentage of overall fuel heat content (MMBTU).

oil_fraction_cost

Oil cost as a percentage of overall fuel cost.

oil_fraction_mmbtu

Oil heat content as a percentage of overall fuel heat content (MMBTU).

primary_fuel_by_cost

Primary fuel for plant as a percentage of cost.

primary_fuel_by_mmbtu

Primary fuel for plant as a percentage of heat content.

waste_fraction_cost

Waste-heat cost as a percentage of overall fuel cost.

waste_fraction_mmbtu

Waste-heat heat content as a percentage of overall fuel heat content (MMBTU).