core_epacems__hourly_emissions

package: pudl

Hourly time series of emissions and plant operational data as required by 40 CFR Part 75.

Most-recent data:

2025

Processing:

Data has been cleaned and organized into well-modeled tables that serve as building blocks for downstream wide tables and analyses.

Source:

EPA Hourly Continuous Emission Monitoring System (CEMS)

Primary key:

plant_id_epa, emissions_unit_id_epa, operating_datetime_utc

Usage Warnings

  • Large table; do not attempt to open with Excel.

  • Not all IDs are present.

  • Contains information from multiple raw inputs.

Additional Details

Continuous Emissions Monitoring Systems (CEMS) are used to determine the rate of gas or particulate matter exiting a point source of emissions. The EPA Clean Air Markets Division (CAMD) has collected data on power plant emissions from CEMS units stretching back to 1995. The CEMS dataset includes hourly gross load, SO2, CO2, and NOx emissions associated with a given emissions-unit during startup, shutdown, and instances of malfunction. An EPA CEMS emissions-unit or smokestack unit is not the same as an EIA unit. See core_epa__assn_eia_epacamd for details about how to connect CEMS data to corresponding EIA units.

Only fossil-combustion units over 25 MW are required to install and use CEMS, so there are some units that do report in EIA-860 or EIA-923 that do not have any CEMS data.

Columns
plant_id_eia

The unique six-digit facility identification number, also called an ORISPL, assigned by the Energy Information Administration.

plant_id_epa

The ORISPL ID used by EPA to refer to the plant. Usually but not always the same as plant_id_eia.

emissions_unit_id_epa

Emissions (smokestack) unit monitored by EPA CEMS.

operating_datetime_utc

Date and time measurement began (UTC).

year

Year the data was reported in, used for partitioning EPA CEMS.

state

Two letter US state abbreviation.

operating_time_hours

Length of time interval measured.

gross_load_mw

Average power in megawatts delivered during time interval measured.

heat_content_mmbtu

The energy contained in fuel burned, measured in million BTU.

steam_load_lbs

Total steam pressure produced by a unit during the reported hour.

so2_mass_lbs

Sulfur dioxide emissions in pounds.

so2_mass_measurement_code

Identifies whether the reported value of emissions was measured, calculated, or measured and substitute.

nox_mass_lbs

NOx emissions in pounds.

nox_mass_measurement_code

Identifies whether the reported value of emissions was measured, calculated, or measured and substitute.

co2_mass_tons

Carbon dioxide emissions in short tons.

co2_mass_measurement_code

Identifies whether the reported value of emissions was measured, calculated, or measured and substitute.