core_ferceqr__transactions

package: pudl
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Contains information about individual electricity market transactions that took place during a given reporting quarter. Reported by the seller.

Most-recent data:

2026q1

Processing:

Data has been cleaned and organized into well-modeled tables that serve as building blocks for downstream wide tables and analyses.

Source:

FERC Form 920 -- Electric Quarterly Report (EQR)

Primary key:

year_quarter, seller_company_id_ferc, transaction_unique_id

Usage Warnings

  • This table is experimental and/or a work in progress and may change in the future.

  • FERC data is notoriously difficult to extract cleanly, and often contains free-form strings, non-labeled total rows and lack of IDs. See Notable Irregularities for details.

Columns
year_quarter

Year-quarter corresponding to record. Formatted like YYYYq{1-4}.

seller_company_id_ferc

The Company Identifier (CID) obtained through FERC's Company Registration system corresponding to the selling company.

transaction_unique_id

An identifier beginning with the letter “T” and followed by a number (e.g., “T1”, “T2”) used to designate a record containing transaction information. One record for each transaction record must be included in an EQR for a given quarter. A new transaction record must be used every time a price changes in a sale. Note, these ID's are only unique for a single company_identifier and year_quarter.

seller_company_name

The name of the company that is authorized to make sales as indicated in the company’s FERC tariff(s) or that is required to file the EQR under section 220 of the Federal Power Act. This name must match the name provided as seller_company_name in the core_ferceqr__quarterly_identity table. There are a handful of cases in which this requirement is violated, so any joins between tables should rely on company_id_ferc, not the company names.

customer_company_name

The name of the purchaser of contract products and services. Unlike the seller_company_name this name is not guaranteed to match a name in the core_ferceqr__quarterly_identity name. In addition, the same customer company may appear with different names in different contracts and transactions, since this field is an unconstrained string chosen by the seller.

ferc_tariff_reference

The FERC tariff reference cites the document that specifies the terms and conditions under which a Seller is authorized to make transmission sales, power sales or sales of related jurisdictional services at cost-based rates or at market-based rates. If the sales are market-based, the tariff that is specified in the FERC order granting the Seller Market Based Rate Authority must be listed. If a non-public utility does not have a FERC Tariff Reference, it should enter “NPU” for the FERC Tariff Reference.

contract_service_agreement_id

Unique identifier given to each service agreement that can be used by the Seller to produce the agreement, if requested. The identifier may be the number assigned by FERC for those service agreements that have been filed with and accepted by the Commission, or it may be generated as part of an internal identification system.

seller_transaction_id

Unique reference number assigned by the Seller for each transaction. May only be unique in the context of the seller's internal record keeping. This is an unrestricted text field.

transaction_begin_date

First date and time the product is sold during the quarter.

transaction_end_date

Last date and time the product is sold during the quarter.

trade_date

The date upon which the parties made the legally binding agreement on the price of a transaction.

exchange_brokerage_service

If a broker service is used to consummate or effectuate a transaction, the term “Broker” shall be provided. If an exchange is used, the specific exchange that is used shall be selected from the Commission-provided list. Allowed values include BROKER, ICE, NODAL, and NYMEX.

type_of_rate

FIXED: A fixed charge per unit of consumption. No variables are used to determine this rate. FORMULA: A calculation of a rate based upon a formula that does not contain an electric index component. ELECTRIC INDEX: A calculation of a rate based upon an index or a formula that contains an electric index component. An electric index includes an index published by an index publisher such as those required to be listed in Field Number 73 or a price published by an RTO/ISO (e.g., PJM West or Illinois Hub). RTO/ISO: If the price is the result of an RTO/ISO market or the sale is made to the RTO/ISO.

timezone

A code representing the so-called 'time zone' in which the sale was made. However, these codes do not actually correspond to time zones. Rather, they indicate an offset from UTC, which changes according to daylight savings vs. standard time. The codes are as follows: AD: Atlantic Daylight Time (UTC-3), AP: Atlantic Prevailing Time, AS: Atlantic Standard Time (UTC-4), CD: Central Daylight Time (UTC-5), CP: Central Prevailing Time, CS: Central Standard Time (UTC-6), ED: Eastern Daylight Time (UTC-4), EP: Eastern Prevailing Time, ES: Eastern Standard Time (UTC-5), MD: Mountain Daylight Time (UTC-6), MP: Mountain Prevailing Time, MS: Mountain Standard Time (UTC-7), PD: Pacific Daylight Time (UTC-7), PP: Pacific Prevailing Time, PS: Pacific Standard Time (UTC-8), UT: Coordinated Universal Time (UTC+0)

class_name

F - Firm: For transmission sales, a service or product that always has priority over non-firm service. For power sales, a service or product that is not interruptible for economic reasons. NF - Non-firm: For transmission sales, a service that is reserved and/or scheduled on an as-available basis and is subject to curtailment or interruption at a lesser priority compared to Firm service. For an energy sale, a service or product for which delivery or receipt of the energy may be interrupted for any reason or no reason, without liability on the part of either the buyer or seller. UP - Unit Power Sale: Designates a dedicated sale of energy and capacity from one or more than one specified generation unit(s). N/A: To be used only when the other available Class Names do not apply.

term_name

Contracts with durations of one year or greater are long-term (LT). Contracts with shorter durations are short-term (ST).

increment_name

5: Terms of the contract (if specifically noted in the contract) set for more than 0 minutes and less than or equal to 5 minutes (> 0 and ≤ 5 minutes). 15: Terms of the contract (if specifically noted in the contract) set for more than 5 minutes and less than or equal to 15 minutes (> 5 and ≤ 15 minutes). H: Terms of the contract (if specifically noted in the contract) set for more than 15 minutes and less than or equal to 6 hours (> 15 minutes and ≤ 6 hours). D: Terms of the contract (if specifically noted in the contract) set for more than 6 and up to 60 hours (> 6 and ≤ 60 hours). W: Terms of the contract (if specifically noted in the contract) set for over 60 hours and up to 168 hours (> 60 and ≤ 168 hours). M: Terms of the contract (if specifically noted in the contract) set for more than 168 hours up to, but not including, one year (> 168 hours and < 1 year). Y: Terms of the contract (if specifically noted in the contract) set for one year or more (≥ 1 year). N/A: Terms of the contract do not specify an increment.

increment_peaking_name

FP: The product described may be sold during those hours designated as on-peak and off-peak at the point of delivery. OP: The product described may be sold only during those hours designated as off-peak at the point of delivery. P: The product described may be sold only during those hours designated as on-peak at the point of delivery. N/A: To be used only when the increment peaking name is not specified in the contract.

product_name

Description of product being offered. Note that allowed values differ slightly from those in core_ferceqr__contracts. BLACK START SERVICE: Service available after a system-wide blackout where a generator participates in system restoration activities without the availability of an outside electric supply (Ancillary Service). BOOKED OUT POWER: Energy or capacity contractually committed bilaterally for delivery but not actually delivered due to some offsetting or countervailing trade (Transaction only). CAPACITY: A quantity of demand that is charged on a $/KW or $/MW basis. CUSTOMER CHARGE: Fixed contractual charges assessed on a per customer basis that could include billing service. ENERGY: A quantity of electricity that is sold or transmitted over a period of time. ENERGY IMBALANCE: Service provided when a difference occurs between the scheduled and the actual delivery of energy to a load obligation (Ancillary Service). For Contracts, reported if the contract provides for sale of the product. For Transactions, sales by third-party providers (i.e., non-transmission function) are reported. EXCHANGE: Transaction whereby the receiver accepts delivery of energy for a supplier’s account and returns energy at times, rates, and in amounts as mutually agreed if the receiver is not an RTO/ISO. FUEL CHARGE: Charge based on the cost or amount of fuel used for generation. GENERATOR IMBALANCE: Service provided when a difference occurs between the output of a generator located in the Transmission Provider’s Control Area and a delivery schedule from that generator to (1) another Control Area or (2) a load within the Transmission Provider’s Control Area over a single hour (Ancillary Service). For Contracts, reported if the contract provides for sale of the product. For Transactions, sales by third-party providers (i.e., non-transmission function) are reported. GRANDFATHERED BUNDLED: Services provided for bundled transmission, ancillary services and energy under contracts effective prior to Order No. 888’s OATTs. NEGOTIATED-RATE TRANSMISSION: Transmission performed under a negotiated rate contract (applies only to merchant transmission companies). OTHER: Product name not otherwise included. PRIMARY FREQUENCY RESPONSE: Service provided as a stand-by resource to support autonomous, pre-programmed changes in output to rapidly arrest large changes in frequency until dispatched resources can take over. REACTIVE SUPPLY & VOLTAGE CONTROL: Production or absorption of reactive power to maintain voltage levels on transmission systems (Ancillary Service). REAL POWER TRANSMISSION LOSS: The loss of energy, resulting from transporting power over a transmission system. REGULATION & FREQUENCY RESPONSE: Service providing for continuous balancing of resources (generation and interchange) with load, and for maintaining scheduled interconnection frequency by committing on-line generation where output is raised or lowered and by other non-generation resources capable of providing this service as necessary to follow the moment-by-moment changes in load (Ancillary Service). For Contracts, reported if the contract provides for sale of the product. For Transactions, sales by third-party providers (i.e., non-transmission function) are reported. REQUIREMENTS SERVICE: Firm, load-following power supply necessary to serve a specified share of customer’s aggregate load during the term of the agreement. Requirements service may include some or all of the energy, capacity and ancillary service products. SCHEDULE SYSTEM CONTROL & DISPATCH: Scheduling, confirming and implementing an interchange schedule with other Balancing Authorities, including intermediary Balancing Authorities providing transmission service, and ensuring operational security during the interchange transaction (Ancillary Service). SPINNING RESERVE: Unloaded synchronized generating capacity that is immediately responsive to system frequency and that is capable of being loaded in a short time period or non-generation resources capable of providing this service (Ancillary Service). For Contracts, reported if the contract provides for sale of the product. For Transactions, sales by third-party providers (i.e., non-transmission function) are reported. SUPPLEMENTAL RESERVE: Service needed to serve load in the event of a system contingency, available with greater delay than SPINNING RESERVE. This service may be provided by generating units that are on-line but unloaded, by quick-start generation, or by interruptible load or other non-generation resources capable of providing this service (Ancillary Service). For Contracts, reported if the contract provides for sale of the product. For Transactions, sales by third-party providers (i.e., non-transmission function) are reported. TOLLING ENERGY: Energy sold from a plant whereby the buyer provides fuel to a generator (seller) and receives power in return for pre-established fees. UPLIFT: A make-whole payment by an RTO/ISO to a utility.

rate_units

Measure stated in the contract for the product sold. FERC EQR.

point_of_delivery_balancing_authority

The registered Balancing Authority (formerly called NERC Control Area) where a jurisdictional product is delivered and/or service ends for a transmission or transmission-related jurisdictional sale. The Balancing Authority will be identified with the abbreviation used in OASIS applications. If delivery occurs at the interconnection of two control areas, the control area that the product is entering should be used. If delivery occurs at a trading hub, the term 'Hub' should be used.

point_of_delivery_specific_location

The specific location at which the product is delivered if designated in the contract. If receipt occurs at a trading hub, a standardized hub name must be used.

transaction_quantity

The quantity of the product in this transaction record.

price

Actual price charged for the product per unit. The price reported cannot be averaged or otherwise aggregated.

standardized_quantity

For product names energy, capacity, and booked out power only. Specify the quantity in MWh if the product is energy or booked out power and specify the quantity in MW-month if the product is capacity or booked out power.

standardized_price

For product names energy, capacity, and booked out power only. Specify the price in $/MWh if the product is energy or booked out power and specify the price in $/MW-month if the product is capacity or booked out power.

total_transmission_charge

Payments received for transmission services when explicitly identified.

total_transaction_charge

transaction_quantity * price + total_transmission_charge.